Hello Peter,
The US election system has some interesting contortions, both in the main election, and in the primary elections.
There is not any mandate or limitation on the number of political parties submitting a candidate for any elected office, but the two main parties are so dominant, that they do everything possible to drown out the smaller ones in the general (main) elections.
The "Primary Elections", which is what we are in now, are "who will be the candidate from each party. The political parties are a lot like a corporation, and have successfully argued in court that the National Laws don't apply to them. They can choose more or less any method they like to select a candidate.
They give voters "an opportunity to express their preference" during the primary elections, but are not legally bound to follow this "preference".
Within the "Primary election system", there are two common methods used to determine if a candidate (within a party) wins a state primary election or not:
- Normal Voting - one person, one vote, typically in a private booth at an official voting location, on an official form, fairly close to your home, in a very structured, organized, legal manner. Mistakes are made, but it is pretty scrutinized.
- Caucus Voting
- In this case, there can be as many, or as few as (one) location where people have to travel to in order to make their opinion / vote known. The location can be 2 - 4 hours drive away, and include pre-meetings that can last for hours, before the "vote" is taken.
- The vote can be taken in any number of ways including a) someone writing down how many people are in a candidates "room" - counting noses at a particular moment in time
- an actual vote count, but not necessarily with any privacy
- voice vote, where the loudest group saying their preference wins
- There may, or may not be any attempt to verify if the people in the room are registered voters or not
- Votes might be collected and counted by a volunteer who happens to be in the room, with no prior experience with how it is organized
- Voting can be done on a legal form, or paper napkins, as needed
- There is only limited scrutiny of the results and procedures, and it is not uncommon for bags of "votes" to be found, in the trash and uncounted.
- Just to add to the fun, it is on a work night, so the people who go, might spend the entire night there, and then be expected at work the next day.
- Sometimes, a town will select "someone of good standing" to go the caucus and represent the opinion of the entire town.
Incredibly, both systems are given equal weight in terms of who becomes the US President, and it is hard even for Americans to grasp just how manipulated this system is.
This is what I mean when I indicated that I hope that the Caucus system of voting is someday eliminated.
EDITED: 25 Apr 2016 06:44 by HARRYN