No, they're totally different products. Citrix Receiver is simply a client for connecting to XenApp / XenDesktop in an Remote Desktop esque way.
You have to use XenCenter to manage to your XenServer, in the same way as using the VSPhere Client to manage your VSphere ESXi servers.
As an aside, it's very important you refer to the Citrix product as XenServer, because Xen or Xen Server could easily be taken to mean 'pure' Xen, which it's based on. Although there are, of course, similarities, they're discrete products for nearly all intents and purposes.