I find the trick to killing a dragon is to have someone else distract it so you can stand by its wings and beat the crap out of it. Don't stand behind it, lest it flatten you with its tail. Alternatively, try to hide under/behind things until it keeps still, then shoot it. When it (eventually) lands, stay back and pepper it with arrows.
As far as I know that's all the bones/scales are for.
Here's Lydia (left, in bone armour) and me (in scale).
EDITED: 29 Dec 2011 21:55 by CAER