Any discussion of JavaScript where you limit yourself to DOMs is stuck in the 90s.
* Flash's ActionScript is JavaScript without a DOM.
* Mozilla Rhino is a JavaScript engine for the JVM - no DOM.
* node.js which Caer mentioned is a servery thing without a DOM.
* Qt (the desktop GUI framework) uses JavaScript as a general purpose language.
* Unity (3D game engine) supports JavaScript for game programming.
There's plenty of others I wasn't even aware of - OpenOffice and Photoshop both allow scripting with it, and numerous other minor things all use it.
It's probably is still >99.9% used by browsers (even though I'm sure that's not a remotely scientific statistic :P ), but non-browser use has definitely been growing these past few years.
EDITED: 10 Feb 2011 00:57 by BOUGHTONP